Ortho Capsule

🐶 Can you spot the Scottish Dog? 🦴🩻

One of the classic signs in orthopaedic radiology — the Scottish Dog Sign on an oblique lumbar spine X-ray! 👀

📌 High-yield exam pearls: 🔹 Collar sign → Pars interarticularis defect (spondylolysis) 🔹 Spondylolysis may be associated with spondylolisthesis, especially when bilateral. 🔹 Always assess both sides. 🔹 ⚠️ A normal X-ray does NOT exclude an early pars stress injury. MRI can detect early stress reactions; CT helps define the bony defect.

🎯 QUIZ TIME: Can you identify the eye, nose, neck and ear of the Scottish dog?

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#OrthoCapsule #OrthopaedicRadiology #Spondylolysis #Spine #Orthopaedics

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2 days ago | [YT] | 1

Ortho Capsule

🦴 **WORLD OSTEOPOROSIS DAY | 20 OCTOBER** 💙

**Stronger Bones. Brighter Tomorrows.** ✨

Osteoporosis is often called a *silent disease* because bone loss can progress without symptoms until a fracture occurs.

This World Osteoporosis Day, let’s focus on building stronger bones and preventing fragility fractures. 🩻

💡 **5 ways to protect your bones:**
🏋️ Stay active with weight-bearing and muscle-strengthening exercises.
🥛 Ensure adequate calcium and vitamin D intake.
☀️ Get safe sunlight exposure.
🚭 Avoid smoking and excessive alcohol.
⚖️ Maintain a healthy body weight.

🩺 **Remember:** Early assessment, appropriate screening, and timely treatment can help reduce fracture risk—especially in older adults and people with risk factors.

💙 Stronger bones mean greater independence, better mobility, and a healthier, more active life.

📌 **Save this post and share it** with someone who needs this reminder!

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#OrthoCapsule #WorldOsteoporosisDay #Osteoporosis #BoneHealth #Orthopaedics

3 days ago | [YT] | 2

Ortho Capsule

🩺 FAT EMBOLISM SYNDROME (FES) — DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA

A long-bone fracture. Respiratory distress. Altered sensorium. Petechial rash. 🚨

Can you recognise Fat Embolism Syndrome and recall its diagnostic criteria?

📚 In this OrthoCapsule carousel, revise 3 commonly discussed diagnostic systems:

🔹 Gurd & Wilson Criteria — Major and minor criteria
🔹 Schoenfeld Score — A weighted clinical scoring system
🔹 Lindeque Criteria — Respiratory and physiological abnormalities

💡 Exam pearls to remember: ▪️ FES typically develops within 24–72 hours after injury.
▪️ The classic triad is respiratory distress, neurological abnormalities and petechial rash.
▪️ The complete triad may not be present in every patient.
▪️ No single diagnostic system is universally accepted as the gold standard.

🧠 QUIZ TIME!
Which criteria primarily rely on respiratory and physiological abnormalities?

A️⃣ Gurd & Wilson
B️⃣ Schoenfeld
C️⃣ Lindeque
D️⃣ All three equally

👇 Comment your answer below — no peeking at the textbooks!

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#Orthopaedics #FatEmbolismSyndrome #OrthopaedicTrauma #NEETPG #OrthoCapsule

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4 days ago | [YT] | 2

Ortho Capsule

🦴 HERTEL’S CRITERIA | Predicting AVN of the Humeral Head

Can we predict avascular necrosis after a proximal humerus fracture? 🩻

Hertel et al. identified three important predictors of humeral head ischemia:

🔹 Metaphyseal head extension < 8 mm 🔹 Medial hinge disruption > 2 mm 🔹 Basic fracture pattern — particularly patterns 2, 9, 10, 11 and 12 in the original study.

💡 Exam pearl: When an anatomical neck fracture, short calcar segment and disrupted medial hinge occur together, the positive predictive value for humeral head ischemia reached up to 97% in the original study.

Remember: Predict ischemia, not inevitable AVN. Ischemia does not guarantee that avascular necrosis will develop.

📚 Want the free revision PDF? 👇 Comment “HERTEL” below!

Save this for your orthopaedic exams, share it with your study partner, and follow @OrthoCapsule for more high-yield concepts.

📖 Reference Hertel R, Hempfing A, Stiehler M, Leunig M. Predictors of humeral head ischemia after intracapsular fracture of the proximal humerus. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2004;13:427–433.

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#OrthoCapsule #Orthopaedics #ProximalHumerus #OrthopaedicPG #AVN

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6 days ago | [YT] | 1

Ortho Capsule

🚨 **THE SHOULDER DISLOCATION YOU MUST NOT MISS!**

A patient presents after a seizure with the arm locked in internal rotation. The AP X-ray looks deceptively normal. What injury should you suspect? 👀

**Posterior shoulder dislocation!** 🔥

📚 **High-yield points to remember:**
🔹 Commonly associated with seizures and electric shock
🔹 Classic clinical position: adduction and internal rotation
🔹 **Light-bulb sign** on AP radiograph
🔹 **Trough line sign** and an empty glenoid may provide additional clues
🔹 Always obtain an orthogonal view to confirm the direction of dislocation
🔹 Look for a **reverse Hill–Sachs lesion** and associated fractures

⚠️ **Exam pearl:** Never rule out posterior shoulder dislocation based on the AP view alone!

📥 **WANT THE FREE PDF?**
Comment **“Posterior shoulder dislocation”** below 👇

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1 week ago | [YT] | 1

Ortho Capsule

🦴 **Lafontaine’s Criteria — Distal Radius Fractures**

Will your distal radius fracture remain stable after reduction? 🩻

Remember these **5 predictors of instability** 👇

1️⃣ Dorsal angulation > 20°
2️⃣ Dorsal comminution
3️⃣ Intra-articular radiocarpal fracture
4️⃣ Associated ulnar fracture
5️⃣ Age > 60 years

💡 **Exam Pearl:** 3 or more criteria indicate a higher risk of secondary displacement after reduction.

⚠️ These criteria predict instability but do not automatically mandate surgery.

📚 **WANT THE FREE PDF?**
👇 Comment **“LAFONTAINE”** below!

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Save this post for your next revision! 🔖

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#OrthoCapsule #Orthopaedics #DistalRadiusFracture #OrthopaedicTrauma #MedicalEducation

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1 week ago | [YT] | 2

Ortho Capsule

🦴 **FRYKMAN CLASSIFICATION | DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES**

The **Frykman classification** categorises distal radius fractures based on radiocarpal joint involvement, distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) involvement, and associated ulnar styloid fracture.

🔹 **Types I–II** — Extra-articular fractures
🔹 **Types III–IV** — Radiocarpal joint involvement
🔹 **Types V–VI** — DRUJ involvement
🔹 **Types VII–VIII** — Both radiocarpal and DRUJ involvement

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💬 Comment **“FRYKMAN”** below 👇
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1 week ago | [YT] | 2

Ortho Capsule

🦴 KLIC SCORE | PREDICTING DAIR FAILURE IN PJI

The KLIC score is a preoperative risk score developed to estimate the risk of DAIR failure in acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI).

🔹 KLIC COMPONENTS

K — Kidney dysfunction → 2 points
L — Liver cirrhosis → 1.5 points
I — Index surgery → 1.5 points
C — Cemented prosthesis → 2 points
C — CRP >115 mg/L → 2.5 points

🧠 Maximum score = 9.5

📊 SCORE INTERPRETATION

In the original KLIC cohort:

≤2 → 4.5% DAIR failure
2.5–3.5 → 19.4%
4–5 → 55%
5.5–6.5 → 71.4%
≥7 → 100%

⚠️ Important: These percentages are from the original cohort. External validation has shown variable performance, so KLIC should support—not replace—clinical judgment.

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💬 Comment “KLIC” below 👇
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#OrthoCapsule #KLICScore #PJI #DAIR #Orthopaedics

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2 weeks ago | [YT] | 2

Ortho Capsule

🦴 LAUGE–HANSEN CLASSIFICATION | ANKLE FRACTURES

The Lauge–Hansen classification describes ankle fractures based on the position of the foot at the time of injury and the direction of the deforming force.

🔹 SAD — Supination + Adduction
→ Transverse distal fibula → Vertical medial malleolus

🔹 SER — Supination + External Rotation
→ AITFL → Distal fibula → Posterior malleolus → Medial injury

🔹 PER — Pronation + External Rotation
→ Medial injury → AITFL → High fibula → Posterior malleolus

🔹 PAB — Pronation + Abduction
→ Medial injury → AITFL → High transverse/comminuted fibula

🧠 Exam pearl:
Foot position + deforming force → predictable sequence of injuries

📌 Save this for your ankle trauma revision.
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3 weeks ago | [YT] | 2

Ortho Capsule

🦴 MASON CLASSIFICATION | RADIAL HEAD FRACTURES

The Mason classification categorizes radial head fractures based on displacement, comminution, and associated elbow dislocation.

🔹 Type I — Nondisplaced / minimally displaced
🔹 Type II — Displaced / angulated
🔹 Type III — Comminuted and displaced
🔹 Type IV — Radial head fracture with associated elbow dislocation

🧠 Exam pearls:
• Always assess for a mechanical block to forearm rotation
• CT helps define fracture morphology and associated injuries
• Type IV = elbow dislocation

📌 Save this for your orthopaedic trauma revision.

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3 weeks ago | [YT] | 2